<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">104</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31348/2018/6/7</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Others</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Screening, Treatment and Long-term Observation of Retinopathy of Prematurely Born Children in the Czech Republic</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zobanová</surname>
            <given-names>Anna</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brychcínová</surname>
            <given-names>Pavla</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Autrata</surname>
            <given-names>Rudolf</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2689-882X</contrib-id>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Šenková</surname>
            <given-names>Kateřina</given-names>
          </name>
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7388-4390</contrib-id>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>4</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>7</elocation-id>
      <abstract>
        <p>Guidelines for treatment of ROP, recommended procedure of the Czech Society for Children's Ophthalmology and Strabology (CSCOS) under the patronage of the Czech Ophthalmology Society (COS)</p>
      </abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>References</title>
      <ref id="R8247">
        <mixed-citation>Ahmed, AE., Channa, R., Durrani, J. et al.: Early experience with intravitreal bevacizumab combined with laser treatment for retinopathy of prematurity. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol, 17; 2010: 264-247.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8248">
        <mixed-citation>Altinsoy, HI., Mutlu, FM., Gungor, R. et al.: Combination of laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging, 42; 2010: E1-E5.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8249">
        <mixed-citation>American Academy of Pediatrics. Section on Ophthalmology: Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics, 131; 2013: 189-195.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8250">
        <mixed-citation>Ashton, N., Ward, B., Serpell, G.: Role of oxygen in the genesis of retrolental fibroplasia; a preliminary report. Br J Ophthalmol, 37; 1953: 513-520.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8251">
        <mixed-citation>Augestad, LB., Klingenberg, O., Fosse, P.: Braile use among Norwegian children from 1967 to 2007: trends in the underlying causes. Acta Ophthalmol, 90; 2012: 428-434.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8252">
        <mixed-citation>Autrata, R., Šenková, K., Holoušová, M. et al.: Combined treatment with laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Eur J Ophthalmol, 18; 2008: 112-117.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8253">
        <mixed-citation>Autrata, R., Šenková, K., Holoušová, M. et al.: Effects of intravitreal pegaptanib or bevacizumab and laser in treatment of threshold retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II-four years results. Cesk Slov Oftalmol, 68; 2012: 29-36.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8254">
        <mixed-citation>Autrata, R., Krejčířová, I., Šenková, K. et al.: Intravitreal pegaptanib combined with diode laser therapy for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity in zone I and posterior zone II. Eur J Ophthalmol, 22; 2012: 687-694.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8255">
        <mixed-citation>Carvallaro, G., Filippi, L., Bagnoli, P. et al.: The pathophysiology of retinopathy of prematurity: an update of previous and recent knowledge. Acta Ophthalmol, 92; 2014: 2-20.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8256">
        <mixed-citation>Castellanos, MA., Schwartz, S., García-Aguirre G. et al.: Shortterm outcome after intravitreal ranibizumab injections for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol, 97; 2013: 816-819.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8257">
        <mixed-citation>Chung, EJ., Kim, JH., Ahn, HS. et al.: Combination of laser photocoagulation and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for aggressive zone I retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 245; 2007: 1727-1730.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8258">
        <mixed-citation>Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity: an international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Arch Ophthalmol, 102; 1984: 1130-1134.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8259">
        <mixed-citation>Connolly, BP., Ng, EY., McNamara, JA. et al.: A comparison of laser photocoagulation with cryotherapy for threshold retito the ophthalmological finding. A sensitively chosen surgical solution for strabismus has a significant influence on the development of motor functions, not only in children with a motor handicap. Any severe visual disability (including consequences of ROP) always negatively influences the development of motor, cognitive and communication skills of the child, especially in pre- -school age. Some perinatal damages to the brain may lead to CVI (Cerebral Visual Impairment), which is a central visual defect. Complete long-term care of the child also covers patient, careful visual stimulation and rehabilitation in co-operation with a visual therapist, and may include support for the development of binocular vision with the aid of orthoptic exercise. We are able to judge the results of work with affected children only after a time interval, often of several years. These re</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8260">
        <mixed-citation>Dorta, P., Kychenthal, A.: Treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity with intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin). Retina, 30 (4 Suppl); 2010: S24-S31.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8261">
        <mixed-citation>Drenser, KA., Trese, MT., Capone, A., Jr.: Aggressive poste - rior retinopathy of prematurity. Retina, 30 (4 Suppl); 2010: S37-S40.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8262">
        <mixed-citation>Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group: Revised indications for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity: results of the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol, 121; 2003: 1684-1694.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8263">
        <mixed-citation>Good, WV., Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group: Final results of the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) randomized trial. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc, 102; 2004: 233-248.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8264">
        <mixed-citation>Harder, BC., von Baltz S., Jonas, JB., et al.: Intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther, 27; 2011: 623-627.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8265">
        <mixed-citation>Hartnett, ME., Penn, JS.: Mechanisms and management of retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med, 367; 2012: 2515-2526.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8266">
        <mixed-citation>Honda, S., Hirabayashi, H., Tsukahara, Y. et al.: Acute contraction of the proliferative membrane after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for advanced retinopathy of prematurity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 246; 2008: 1061-1063</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8267">
        <mixed-citation>Kim, J., Kim,SJ., Chang, YS. et al.: Combined intravitreal bevacizumab injection and zone I sparing laser photocoagulation in patients with zone I retinopathy of prematurity. Retina, 34; 2014: 77-82.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8268">
        <mixed-citation>Koo, KY., Kim, JE., Lee, SM. et al.: Effect of severe neonatal morbidities on long term outcome in extremely low birth-weight infants. Korean J Pediatr, 53; 2010: 694-700.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8269">
        <mixed-citation>Kretzer, FL., Hittner, HM.: Human retinal development: relationship to the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity. In: McPherson, AR., Hittner, HM., Kretzer, FL. (Eds), Retinopathy of prematurity: current concepts and controversies. Toronto, Decker, 1986, 27-52.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8270">
        <mixed-citation>Kusaka, S., Shima, C., Wada, K. et al.: Efficacy of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab for severe retinopathy of prematurity: a pilot study. Br J Ophthalmol, 92; 2008: 1450-1455.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8271">
        <mixed-citation>Lalwani, GA., Berrocal, AM., Murray, TG. et al.: Off-label use of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for salvage treatment in progressive threshold retinopathy of prematurity. Retina, 28(3</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8272">
        <mixed-citation>Langford, K., Nicolaides, K., Miell, JP.: Maternal and fetal in - sulin-like growth factor and their binding proteins in the second and third trimesters of human pregnancy. Hum Reprod, 13; 1998: 1389-1393.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8273">
        <mixed-citation>Lin, CJ., Chen, SN., Hwang, JF.: Intravitreal ranibizumab as salvage therapy in an extremely low-birth-weight infant with rush type retinopathy of prematurity. Oman J Ophthalmol, 5; 2012: 184-186.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8274">
        <mixed-citation>Lomíčková, H.: Léčení retrolentální fibroplasie kyslíkem. Čs Oftalmol, 14; 1958: 138-146.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8275">
        <mixed-citation>Lomíčková, H., Odehnal, M., Zobanová, A. et al.: Kryokoagulace v léčbě retinopatie nedonošených. Čs Oftalmol, 46; 1990: 1-8.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8276">
        <mixed-citation>Miki, A., Honda, S., Inoue, Y.,Yamada,Y. et al.: Foveal depression and related factors in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmologica, 240; 2018: 106-110.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8277">
        <mixed-citation>Mintz-Hittner, HA., Kennedy, KA., Chuang, AZ., BEAT-ROP Cooperative Group: Efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for stage 3+ retinopathy of prematurity. N Engl J Med, 364; 2011: 603-615.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8278">
        <mixed-citation>Mintz-Hittner, HA., Kuffel, RR., Jr.: Intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (Avastin) for treatment of stage 3 retinopathy of prematurity in zone I or posterior zone II. Retina, 28; 2008: 831-838.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8279">
        <mixed-citation>Mota, A., Carneiro, A., Breda, J. et al.: Combination of intravitreal ranibizumab and laser photocoagulation for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Case Rep Ophthalmol, 3; 2012: 136-141.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8280">
        <mixed-citation>Multicenter trial of cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity: Preliminary results. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Arch Ophthalmol, 106; 1988: 471-479.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8281">
        <mixed-citation>Nicoară, SD., Stefanut AC., Nascutzy C. et al.: Regression rates following the treatment of aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity with bevacizumab versus laser: 8-year retrospective analysis. Med Sci Monit, 22; 2016: 1192-1209.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8282">
        <mixed-citation>Olofsson, B., Korpelainen, E., Pepper, MS. et al.: Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) binds to VEGF receptor-1 and regulates plasminogen activator activity in endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 95; 1998: 11709-11714.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8283">
        <mixed-citation>Patz, A., Hoeck, LE., De LaCruz, E.: Studies on the effect of high oxygen administration in retrolental fibroplasia. I. Nursery observations. Am J Ophthalmol, 35; 1952: 1248-1253.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8284">
        <mixed-citation>Quiroz-Mercado, H., Martinez-Castellanos, MA., Hernandez- -Rojas, ML. et al.: Antiangiogenic therapy with intravitreal bevacizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Retina, 28(3 Suppl); 2008: S19-S25.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8285">
        <mixed-citation>RAINBOW study: A randomized, controlled study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Ranibizumab compared with laser therapy for the treatment of infants born prematurely with</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8286">
        <mixed-citation>Royal College of Ophthalmologists, Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, British Association of Perinatal Medicine &amp; BLISS: Guidelines for the Screening and Treatment of Retinopathy of Prematurity, UK Retinopathy of Prematurity Guideline. Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2008.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8287">
        <mixed-citation>Sato, T., Kusaka, S., Shimojo, H. et al.: Vitreous levels of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in eyes with retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology, 116; 2009: 1599-1603.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8288">
        <mixed-citation>Sautina, L., Sautin, Y., Beem, E. et al.: Induction of nitric oxide by erythropoetin is mediated by the β common receptor and requires interaction with VEGF receptor 2. Blood, 115; 2010: 896-905.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8289">
        <mixed-citation>Smith, LE.: Through the eyes of a child: understanding retinopathy through ROP. The Friedenwald lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 49; 2008: 5177-5182.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8290">
        <mixed-citation>Sonmez, K., Drenser, KA., Capone, A., Jr. et al.: Vitreous levels of stromal cell-derived factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmology, 115; 2008: 1065-1070.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8291">
        <mixed-citation>The International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity: The international classification of retinopathy of prematurity revised. Arch Ophthalmol, 123; 2005: 991-999.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8292">
        <mixed-citation>Terry, TL.: Extreme prematurity and fibroplastic overgrowth of persistent vascular sheath behind each crystaline lens. I. Preliminary report, Am J Ophthalmol, 25; 1942: 203-204.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8293">
        <mixed-citation>Travassos, A., Teixeira, S., Ferreira, P. et al.: Intravitreal bevacizumab in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging, 38; 2007: 233-237.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8294">
        <mixed-citation>Wallace, DK., Kylstra, JA., Greenman, DB. et al.: Significance of isolated neovascular tufts (“popcorn”) in retinopathy of prematurity. J AAPOS, 2; 1998: 52-56.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8295">
        <mixed-citation>Wood, SM., Gleadle, JM., Pugh, CW. et al.: The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) in hypoxic induction of gene expression. Studies in ARNT-deficient cells. J Biol Chem, 271; 1996: 15117-15123.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8296">
        <mixed-citation>Wu, WC., Yeh, PT., Chen, SN. et al.: Effects and complications of bevacizumab use in patients with retinopathy of prematurity: a multicenter study in Taiwan. Ophthalmology, 2011; 118(1): 176-83.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8297">
        <mixed-citation>Zoban, P.: Výskyt dlouhodobé morbidity u rizikových skupin dětské populace. In Štembera, Z., Dittrichová, J., Sobotková, D. et al. (Eds), Perinatální neuropsychická morbidita dítěte, Praha, Nakladatelství Karolinum, 2014, 518-529.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8298">
        <mixed-citation>Zobanova, A.: Koordinace péče o poruchy vidění ve spolupráci dětský lékař a oftalmolog. Pediatrie pro praxi, 5; 2004: 236-237.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="R8299">
        <mixed-citation>Zobanová, A.: Současný pohled na retinopatii předčasně narozených dětí. Pediatrie pro praxi, 17; 2016: 279-284. Suppl); 2008: S13-S18.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
